Pass-through entities, including partnerships, S corporations, and LLCs taxed as either, are often thought of as simple from a state tax perspective: the entity itself generally does not pay federal income tax, and the income "passes through" to be taxed at the owner level. In practice, that simplicity is deceptive. Because states each have their own rules for taxing pass-through income, and their own requirements for withholding on behalf of nonresident owners, pass-through